oistros

LS 대사전에 나온 로고스(λόγος, logos)의 정의 및 출전.

✪ λόγος, ὁ, verbal noun of λέγω (b), with senses corresponding to λέγω (b) ii and iii (on the various senses of the word v. Theo Sm.pp.72, 73 H., An.Ox.4.327): common in all periods in Prose and Verse, exc. Epic, in which it is found in signf. derived from λέγω (b) iii, cf. infr. vi. 1a:

I. computation, reckoning (cf.  λέγω (b)ii).

1. account of money handled, σανίδες εἰς ἃς τὸν λ. ἀναγράφομεν IG12.374.191; ἐδίδοσαν τὸν λ. ib. 232.2; λ. δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων Hdt.3.142, cf. 143; οὔτε χρήματα διαχειρίσας τῆς πόλεως δίδωμι λ. αὐτῶν οὔτε ἀρχὴν ἄρξας οὐδεμίαν εὐθύνας ὑπέχω νῦν αὐτῆς Lys.24.26; λ. ἀπενεγκεῖν Arist.Ath.54.1; ἐν ταῖς εὐθύναις τοῦ τοιούτου λ. ὑπεχέτω Pl.Lg.774b; τὸν τῶν χρημάτων λ. παρὰ τούτων λαμβάνειν D.8.47; ἀδικήματα εἰς ἀργυρίου λ. ἀνήκοντα Din.1.60; συνᾶραι λόγον μετά τινος settle accounts with, Ev.Matt.18.23, etc.; δεύτεροι λ. a second audit, Cod.Just.1.4.26.1; ὁ τραπεζιτικὸς λ. banking account, Theo Sm.p.73 H.: metaph., οὐκ ἂν πριαίμην οὐδενὸς λ. βροτόν εἰ δέ τις ἐνχειρήσει, ἕξι τὸν λόγον πρὸς ‹?τὸν Θεόν› SEG30.1546 (iv/v a.d.); also of other things than money, οἰνικὸς λ. Stud.Pal.20.85 ii 1, λ. κριθῆς PCair.Zen.464.1 (iii b.c.) S.Aj.477.
b. public accounts, i.e. branch of treasury, ἴδιος λ., in Egypt, OGI188.2, 189.3, 669.38; also as title of treasurer, ib. 408.4, Str.17.1.12; ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν λ. IPE2.29 A (Panticapaeum); δημόσιος λ., = Lat. fiscus, OGI1669.21 (Egypt, i a.d.), etc. (but later, = aerarium), Cod.Just.1.5.15; also Καίσαρος λ. OGI669.30; κυριακὸς λ. ib. 18.
c. ἐκ λόγου, in accounts, brought forward, freq. in papyri, ἐγ λ. λήμματος τοῦ δεκάτου ἔτους PLond.131 (i a.d.); ἐγ λ. τοῦ μηνὸς ἐλοιπογραφήθησαν there were entered as balance from the month’s account, BGU362 vi 9 (iii a.d.); τὸ ἐγ λ. τοῦ Φαμενώθ the balance from Ph., PCair.Zen.333.1 (iii b.c.); ὃ ἔχεις ἐγ λ. the balance you have in hand, ib. 593.12 (iii b.c.): see also ἔκλογος (C).

2. generally, account, reckoning, μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λ. excels the whole account, i.e. is best of all, S.OC1225 (lyr.); δόντας λ. τῶν ἐπόησαν accounting for, i.e. paying the penalty for their doings, Hdt.8.100, ἴ τις δὲ τολμῇ ἀνῦξεν, δώσι Κυρίῳ λόγον BCHsuppl. 8 no 58 (Beroea, iii/iv a.d.); λ. αἰτεῖν Pl.Plt.285e; λ. δοῦναι καὶ δέξασθαι Id.Prt.336c, al.; λαμβάνειν λ. καὶ ἐλέγχειν Id.Men.75d; παρασχεῖν τῶν εἰρημένων λ. Id.R.344d; λ. ἀπαιτεῖν D.30.15, cf. Arist.EN1104a3; λ. ὑπέχειν, δοῦναι, D.19.95; λ. ἐγγράψαι Id.24.199, al.; λ. ἀποφέρειν τῇ πόλει Aeschin.3.22, cf. Ev.Luc.16.2, Ep.Hebr.13.17; τὸ παράδοξον τῶν συμβεβηκότων ὑπὸ λόγον ἄγειν Plb.15.34.2; λ. ἡ ἐπιστήμη, πολλὰ δέ ὁ λ. the account is manifold, Plot.6.9.4; ἔχων λόγον τοῦ διὰ τί an account of the cause, Arist.APo.74b27; ἐς λ. τινός on account of, ἐς χρημάτων λ. Th.3.46, cf. Plb.5.89.6, Lxx2Ma.1.14, JRS18.152 (Jerash); λόγῳ c. gen., by way of, Cod.Just.3.2.5, al., εἰς μισθοῦ λ. Plu.2.240d; κατὰ λόγον τοῦ μεγέθους if we take into account his size, Arist.HA517b27, Plb.9.20.3; πρὸς ὃν ἡμῖν ὁ λ. Ep.Hebr.4.13, cf. D.Chr.31.123.

3. measure, tale (cf. infr. ii. 1), θάλασσα .. μετρέεται ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν λ. ὁκοῖος πρόσθεν Heraclit.31; ψυχῆς ἐστι λ. ἑαυτὸν αὔξυν Id.115; ἐς τούτου (sc.  γήραος) λ. οὐ πολλοί τινες ἀπικνέονται to the point of old age, Hdt.3.99, cf. 7.9. β´; ὁ ξύμπας λ. the full tale, Th.7.56, cf. Ep.Phil.4.15; κοινῷ λ. νομίσαντα common measure, Pl.Lg.746e; sum, total of expenditure, IG42(1).103.151 (Epid., iv b.c.); ὁ τῆς οὐσίας λ., = Lat. patrimonii modus, Cod.Just.1.5.12.20.

4. esteem, consideration, value put on a person or thing (cf. infr. vi. 2d), οὗ πλείων λ. ἢ τῶν ἄλλων who is of more worth than all the rest, Heraclit.39; βροτῶν λ. οὐκ ἔσχεν αὐδέν᾽ A.Pr.233; οὐ σμικροῦ λ. S.OC1163: freq. in Hdt., Μαρδονίου λ. οὐδεὶς γίνεται 8.102; τῶν ἦν ἐλάχιστος ἀπολλυμένων λ. 4.135, cf. E.Fr.94; περὶ ἐμοῦ οὐδεὶς λ. Ar.Ra.87; λόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι πρός τινος to be of no account, repute with .., Hdt.1.120, cf. 4.138; λόγου ποιήσασθαί τινα make one of account, Id.1.33; ἐλαχίστου, πλείστου λ. εἶναι, to he highly, lowly esteemed, Id.1.143, 3.146; but also λόγον τινὸς ποιεῖσθαι, like Lat. rationem habere alicujus, make account of, set a value on, Democr.187, etc.: usu. in neg. statements, οὐδένα λ. ποιήσασθαί τονος Hdt.1.4, cf. 13, Plb.21.14.9, etc.; λ. ἔχειν Hdt.1.62, 115; λ. ἴσχειν περί τινος Pl.Ti.87c; λ. ἔχειν περὶ τοὺς ποιητάς Lycurg.107; λ. ἔχειν τινός D.18.199, Arist.EN1102b32, Plu.Phil.18 (but also, have the reputation of .., v. infr. vi. 2e), οὐδ᾽ ἐν λόγῳ ἄνδρα τιθείην Tyrt.12.1. ἐν οὐδενὶ λ. ποιήσασθαί τι Hdt.3.50; ἐν οὐδενὶ λ. ἀπώλοντο without regard, Id.9.70; ἐν σμικρῷ λ. εἶναι Pl.R.550a; ὑμεῖς οὔτ᾽ ἐν λ. οὔτ᾽ ἐν ἀριθμῷ Orac.ap.Sch.Theoc.14.48; ἐν ἀνδρῶν λ. [εἶναι] to be reckoned, count as a man, Hdt.3.120; ἐν ἰδιώτεω λόγῳ καὶ ἀτίμου reckoned as .., Eus.Mynd.Fr.59; σεμνὸς εἰς ἀρετῆς λ. καὶ δόξης D.19.142.

II. relation, correspondence, proportion,

1. generally, ὑπερτερίης λ. relation (of gold to lead), Thgn.418 = 1164; πρὸς λόγον τοῦ σήματος A.Th.519; κατὰ λόγον προβαίνοντες τιμῶσι in inverse ratio, Hdt.1.134, cf. 7.36; κατὰ λ. τῆς ἀποφορῆς Id.2.109; τἄαλλα κατὰ λ. in like fashion, Hp.VM16, Prog.17: c. gen., κατὰ λ. τῶν πρόσθεν ib. 24; κατὰ λ. τῶν ἡμερῶν Ar.Nu.619; κατὰ λ. τῆς δυνάμεως X.Cyr.8.6.11; ἐλάττω ἢ κατὰ λ. Arist. HA508a2, cf. PA671a18; ἐκ ταύτης ἐγένετο ἐκείνη κατὰ λ. Id.Pol.1257a31; cf. εὔλογος: sts. with ὁ αὐτός added, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λ. τῷ τείχεϊ in fashion like to .., Hdt.1.186; περὶ τῶν νόσων ὁ αὐτὸς λ. analogously, Pl.Tht.158d, cf. Prm.136b, al.; εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν λ. similarly, Id.R.353d; κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λ. in the same ratio, IG12.76.8; by parity of reasoning, Pl.Cra.393c, R.610a, al.; ἀνὰ λόγον τινός, τινί, Id.Ti.29c, Alc.2.145d; τοῦτον ἔχει τὸν λ. πρὸς .. ὃν ἡ παιδεία πρὸς τὴν ἀρετήν is related to .. as .., Procl.in Euc.p.20 F., al.

2. Math., ratio, proportion (ὁ κατ᾽ ἀνάλογον λ., λ. τῆς ἀναλογίας Theo Sm.p.73 H.), Pythag.2; ἰσότης λόγων Arist.EN1131a31; λ. ἐστὶ δύο μεγεθῶν ἡ κατὰ πηλικότητα ποιὰ σχέσις Euc.5 Def.3; τῶν ἁρμονιῶν τοὺς λ. Arist.Metaph.985b32, cf. 1092b14; λόγοι ἀριθμῶν numerical ratios, Aristox.Harm.p.32 M.; τοὺς φθόγγους ἀναγκαῖον ἐν ἀριθμοῦ λ. λέγεσθαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους to be expressed in numerical ratios, Euc.Sect.Can.Proëm.: in Metre, ratio between arsis and thesis, by which the rhythm is defined, Aristox.Harm.p.34 M.; ἐὰν ᾖ ἰσχυροτέρα τοῦ αἰσθητηρίου ἡ κίνησις, λύεται ὁ λ. Arist.de An.424a31; ἀνὰ λόγον analogically, Archyt.2; ἀνὰ λ. μερισθεῖσα [ἡ ψυχή] proportionally, Pl.Ti.37a; so κατὰ λ. Men.319.6; πρὸς λόγον in proportion, Plb.6.30.3, 9.15.3 (but πρὸς λόγον ἐπὶ στενὸν συνάγεται narrows uniformly, Sor.1.9, cf. Diocl.Fr.171); ἐπὶ λόγον IG5(1).1428 (Messene), λόγον ἔχειν πρός τι be in proportion to, Plu.2.147a.

3. Gramm., analogy, rule, τῷ λ. τῶν μετοχικῶν, τῆς συγκοπῆς, by the rule of the participles, of syncope, Choerob.in Theod.1.75 Gaisf., 1.377 H.; εἰπέ μοι τὸν λ. τοῦ Αἴας Αἴαντος, τουτέστι τὸν κανόνα An.Ox.4.328.

III. explanation,

1. plea, pretext, ground, ἐκ τίνος λ.; A.Ch.515; ἐξ οὐδενὸς λ. S.Ph.731; ἀπὸ παντὸς λ. Id.OC762; χὠ λ. καλὸς προσῆν Id.Ph.352; σὺν ἀφανεῖ λ. Id.OT657 (lyr., v.l. λόγων); ἐν ἀφανεῖ λ. Antipho 5.59; ἐπὶ τοιούτῳ λ. Hdt.6.124; κατὰ τίνα λ.; on what ground? Pl.R.366b; αὐδὲ πρὸς ἕνα λ. to no purpose, Id.Prt.343d; ἐπὶ τίνι λ.; for what reason? X.HG2.2.19; τὸν λ. τοῦτον this ground of complaint, Aeschin.3.228; τίνι δικαίῳ λ.; what just cause is there? Pl.Grg.512c; τίνι λ.; on what account? Act.Ap.10.29; κατὰ λόγον ἂν ἠνεσ ξόμην ὑμῶν reason would that .., ib.18.14; λ. ἔχειν, with personal subject, εἶχον ἄν τινα λ. I (i.e. my conduct) would have admitted of an explanation, Pl.Ap.31b; τὸν ὀρθὸν λ. the true explanation, ib. 34b.
b. plea, case, in Law or argument (cf. viii. 1), τὸν ἥττω λ. κρείττω ποιεῖν to make the weaker case prevail, ib. 18b, al., Arist.Rh.1402a24, cf. Ar.Nu.1042 (pl.); personified, ib. 886, al.; ἀμύνεις τῷ τῆς ἡδονῆς λ. Pl.Phlb.38a; ἀνοίσεις τοὺς λ. αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸν θεόν LxxEx.18.19; ἔχειν λ. πρός τινα to have a case, ground of action against .., Act.Ap.19.38.

2. statement of a theory, argument, οὐκ ἐμεῦ ἀλλὰ τοῦ λ. ἀκούσαντας prob. in Heraclit.50; λόγον ἠδὲ νόημα ἀμφὶς ἀληθείης discourse and reflection on reality, Parm.8.50; δηλοῖ οὗτος ὁ λ. ὅτι .. Democr.7; οὐκ ἔχει λόγον it is not arguable, i.e. reasonable, S.El.466, Pl.Phd.62d, etc.; ἔχει λ. D.44.32; οὐδεὶς αὐτὰ καταβαλεῖ λ. E.Ba.202; δίκασον .. τὸν λ. ἀκούσας Pl.Lg.696b; personified, φησὶ αὗτος ὁ λ. ib. 714d, cf. Sph.238b, Phld.50a; ὡς ὁ λ. (sc.  λέγει) Arist.EN1115b12; ὡς ὁ λ. ὁ ὀρθὸς λέγει ib. 1138b20, cf. 29; ὁ λ. θέλει προσβιβάζειν Phld.Rh.1.41, cf. 1.19 S.; οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἀκούσειε λόγου ἀποτρέποντος Arist.EN1179b27; λ. καθαίρων Aristo Stoic.1.88; λόγου τυγχάνειν to be explained, Phld.Mus.p.77 K.; ὁ τὸν λ. μον ἀκούων my teaching, Ev.Jo.5.24; ὁ προφητικὸς λ., collect., of VT prophecy, 2Ep.Pet.1.19: pl., ἁκόσων λόγους ἤκουσα Heraclit.108; οὐκ ἐπίθετο τοῖς ἐμοῖς λ. Ar.Nu.73; of arguments leading to a conclusion (ὁ λ.), Pl.Cri.46b; τὰ Ἀναξαγόρου βιβλία γέμει τούτων τῶν λ. Id.Ap.26d; λ. ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχῶν, ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχάς Arist.EN1095a31; συλλογισμός ἐστι λ. ἐν ᾧ τεθέντων τινῶν κτλ. Id.APr.24b18; λ. ἀντίτυπός τε καὶ ἄπορος, of a self-contradictory theory, Plot.6.8.7.
b. ὁ περὶ θεῶν λ., title of a discourse by Protagoras, D.L.9.54; ὁ Ἀχιλλεύς λ., name of an argument, ib. 23; ὁ αυξόμενος λ. Plu.2.559b; καταβάλλοντες (sc.  λόγοι), title of work by Protagoras, S.E.M.7.60; λ. σοφιστκοί Arist.SE165a34, al.; οἱ μαθηματικοὶ λ. Id.Rh.1417a19, etc.; οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λ., current outside the Lyceum, Id.Ph.217b31, al.; Δισσοὶ λ., title of a philosophical treatise ( = Dialex.); Δ. καὶ Δογίνα, name of play of Epicharmus, quibble, argument, personified, Ath.8.338d.
c. in Logic, proposition, whether as premiss or conclusion, πρότασίς ἐστι λ. καταφατικὸς ἢ ἀποφατικός τινος κατά τινος Arist.APr.24a16.
d. rule, principle, law, as embodying the result of λογισμός, Pi.O.2.22, P.1.35, N.4.31; πείθεσθαι τῷ λ. ὃς ἄν μοι λογιζομένῳ βέλτιστος φαίνηται Pl.Cri.46b, cf. c; ἡδονὰς τοῖς ὀρθοῖς λ. ἑπομένας obeying right principles, Id.Lg.696c; προαιρέσεως [ἀρχὴ] ὄρεξις καὶ λ. ὁ ἕνεκά τινος principle directed to an end, Arist.EN1139a32; of the final cause, ἀρχὴ ὁ λ. ἔν τε τοῖς κατὰ τέχνην καὶ ἐν τοῖς φύσει συνεστηκόσιν Id.PA639b15; ἀποδιδόασι τοὺς λ. καὶ τὰς αἰτίας οὗ ποιοῦσι ἑκάστου ib. 18; [τέχνη] ἕχις μετὰ λ. ἀληθοῦς ποιητική Id.EN1140a10; ἀρθὸς λ. true principle, right rule, ib. 1144b27, 1147b3, al.; κατὰ λόγον by rule, consistently, ὁ κατὰ λ. ζῶν Pl.Lg.689d, cf. Ti.89d; τὸ κατὰ λ. ζῆν, opp. κατὰ πάθος, Arist.EN1169a5; κατὰ λ. προχωρεῖν according to plan, Plb.1.20.3.

3. law, rule of conduct, ᾧ μάλιστα διηνεκῶς ὁμιλοῦσι λόγῳ Heraclit.72; πολλοὶ λόγον μὴ μαθόντες ζῶσι κατὰ λόγον Democr.53; δεῖ ὑπάρχειν τὸν λ. τὸν καθόλου τοῖς ἄρχουσιν universal principle, Arist.Pol.1286a17; ὁ νόμος .. λ. ὢν ἀπό τινος φρονήσεως καὶ νοῦ Id.EN1180a21; ὀ νόμος .. ἔμψυχος ὢν ἑαυτῷ λ. conscience, Plu.2.780c; τὸν λ. πρόχειρον ἔχειν precept, Phld.Piet.30, cf. 102; ὁ προστακτικὸς τῶν ποιητέων ἢ μὴ λ. κοινός M.Ant.4.4.

4. thesis, hypothesis, provisional ground, ὡς ἂν εἰ λέγοι λόγον maintain a thesis, Pl.Prt.344b; ὑποθέμενος ἐκάστοτε λ. provisionally assuming a proposition, Id.Phd.100a; τὸν τῆς ὁμοιότητος λ. hypothesis of equivalence, Arist.Cael.296a20.

5. reason, ground, πάντων γινομένων κατὰ τὸν λ. τόνδε Heraclit.1; οὕτω βαθὺν λ. ἔχει Id.45; ἐκ λόγου, opp. μάτην, Leucipp.2; μέγιστον σημεῖον αὗτος ὁ λ. Meliss.8; [ἐμπειρία] οὐκ ἔχει λ. οὐδένα ὧν προσφέρει has no grounds for .., Pl.Grg.465a; μετὰ λόγου τε καὶ ἐπιστήμης θείας Id.Sph.265c; ἡ μετα λόγου ἀληθὴς δόξα (= ἐπιστήμη) Id.Tht.201c; λόγον ζητοῦσιν ὧν οὐκ ἔστι λ. proof, Arist.Metaph.1011a12; οἱ ἁπάντων ζητοῦντες λ. ἀναιροῦσι λ. Thphr.Metaph.26.

6. formula (wider than definition, but freq. equivalent thereto), term expressing reason, λ. τῆς πολιτείας Pl.R.497c; ψυχῆς οὐσία τε καὶ λ. essential definition, Id.Phdr.245e; ὁ τοῦ δικαίου λ. Id.R.343a; τὸν λ. τῆς οὐσίας ib. 534b, cf. Phd.78d; τὰς πολλὰς ἐπιστήμας ἑνὶ λ. προσειπεῖν Id.Tht.148d; ὁ τῆς οἰκοδομήσεως λ. ἔχει τὸν τῆς οἰκίας Arist.PA646b3; τεθείη ἂν ἴδιον ὄνομα καθ᾽ ἕκαστον τῶν λ. Id.Metaph.1006b5, cf. 1035b4; πᾶς ὁρισμὸς λ. τίς ἐστι Id.Top.102a5; ἐπὶ τῶν σχημάτων λ. κοινός generic definition, Id. de An.414b23; ἀκριβέστατος λ. specific definition, Id.Pol.1276b24; πηγῆς λ. ἔχον Ph.2.447; τὸ ᾠὸν οὔτε ἀρχῆς ἔχει λ. fulfils the function of .., Plu.2.637d; λ. τῆς μίξεως formula, i.e. ratio (cf. supr. ii) of combination, Arist.PA642a22, cf. Metaph.993a17.

7. reason, law exhibited in the world-process, κατὰ λόγον by law, κόσμῳ πάντα καὶ κατὰ λ. ἔχοντα Pl.R.500c; κατ τὸν ‹αὐτὸν αὖ› λ. by the same law, Epich.170.18; ψυχῆς τὸ πᾶν τόδε διοικούσης κατὰ λ. Plot.2.3.13; esp. in Stoic Philos., the divine order, τὸν τοῦ παντὸς λ. ὃν ἔνιοι εἱμαρμένην καλοῦσιν Zeno Stoic.1.24; τὸ ποιοῦντὸν ἐν [τῇ ὕλῃ] λ. τὸν θεόν ibid., cf. 42; ὁ τοῦ κόσμου λ. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.264; λόγος, = φύδει νόμος, Stoic.2.169; κατὰ τὸν κοινὸν θεοῖς καὶ ἀνθρώποις λ. M.Ant.7.53; ὁ ὀρθὸς λ. διὰ πάντων ἐρχόμενος Chrysipp.Stoic.3.4: so in Plot., τὴν φύσιν εἶναι λόγον, ὃς ποιεῖ λ. ἄλλον γέννημα αὐτοῦ 3.8.2.
b. σπερματικὸς λ. generative principle in organisms, ὁ θεὸς σπ. λ. τοῦ κόσμου Zeno Stoic.1.28: usu. in pl., Stoic.2.205, 314, al.; γίνεται τὰ ἐν τῷ παντὶ οὐ κατὰ σπερματικούς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ λ. περιληπτικούς Plot.3.1.7, cf. 4.4.39; so without σπερματικός, ὥσπερτινὲς λ. τῶν μερῶν Cleanth.Stoic.1.111; οἱ λ. τῶν ὅλων Ph.1.9.
c. in Neo-Platonic Philos., of regulative and formative forces, derived from the intelligible and operative in the sensible universe, ὄντων μειξόνων λ. καὶ θεωρούντων αὑτοὺς ἐγὼ γεγέννημαι Plot.3.8.4; οἰ ἐν σπέρματι λ. πλάττουσι .. τὰ ζῷα οἷον μικρούς τινας κόσμους Id.4.3.10, cf. 3.2.16, 3.5.7; opp. ὅρος, Id.6.7.4; ἀφανεῖς λ. τῆς φύσεως Procl.in R.1.18 K.; τεχνικοὶ λ. ib. 142 K., al.

IV. inward debate of the soul (cf. λ. ὃν αὐτὴ πρὸς αὑτὴν ἡ ψυχὴ διεξέρχεται Pl.Tht.189e (διάλογος in Sph.263e) ὁ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ, ὁ ἔσω λ. (opp. ὁ ἔχω λ.), Arist.APo.76b25, 27; ὁ ἐνδιάθετος, opp. ὁ προφορικὸς λ., Stoic.2.43, Ph.2.154),

1. thinking, reasoning, τοῦ λ. ἐόντος ξυνοῦ, opp. ἰδία φρόνησις, Heraclit.2; κρῖναι δὲ λόγῳ .. ἔλεγχον test by reflection, Parm.1.36; reflection, deliberation (cf. vi. 3), ἐδίδου λόγον ἑωυτῷ περὶ τῆς ὄψιος Hdt.1.209, cf. 34, S.OT583, D.45.7; μὴ εἰδέναι .. μήτε λόγῳ μήτε ἔργῳ neither by reasoning nor by experience, Anaxag.7; ἃ δὴ λόγῳ μὲν καὶ διανοίᾳ ληπτά, ὄψει δ᾽ οὔ Pl.R.529d, cf. Prm.135e; ὁ λ. ἢ ἡ αἴσθησις Arist.EN1149a35, al.; αὐτῷ μόνον τῷ λ. πιστεύειν (opp. αἰσθήσεις), of Parmenides and his school, Aristocl.ap.Eus.PE14.17: hence λόγῳ or τῷ λ. in idea, in thought, τῷ λ. τέμνειν Pl.R.525e; τῷ λ. δύο ἐστίν, ἀχώριστα πεφυκότα two in idea, though indistinguishable in fact, Arist.EN1102a30, cf. GC320b14, al.; λόγῳ θεωρητά mentally conceived, opp. sensibly perceived, Placit.1.3.5, cf. Demetr.Lac.Herc.1055.20; τοὺς λ. θεωρητοὺς χρόνους Epicur.Ep.1 p.19 U.; διὰ λόγου θ. χ. ib. p.10 U.; λόγῳ καταληπτός Phld.Po.5.20, etc.; ὁ λ. οὕτω αἱρέει analogy proves, Hdt.2.33; ὁ λ. or λ. αἱρέει reasoning convinces, Id.3.45, 6.124, cf. Pl.Cri.48c (but, our argument shows, Lg.663d): also c. acc. pers., χρᾶται ὅ τι μιν λ. αἱρέει as the whim took him, Hdt.1.132; ἢν μὴ ἡμέας λ. αἱρῇ unless we see fit, Id.4.127, cf. Pl.R.607b; later ὁ οἱρῶν λ. ordaining reason, Zeno Stoic.1.50, M.Ant.2.5, cf. 4.24, Arr.Epict.2.2.20, etc.: coupled or contrasted with other functions, καθ᾽ ὕπνον ἐπειδὴ λόγου καὶ θρονήσεως οὐ μετεῖχε since reason and understanding are in abeyance, Pl.Ti.71d; μετὰ λόγου τε καὶ ἐπιστήμης, opp. αἰτία αὐτομάτη, of Nature’s processes of production, Id.Sph.265c; τὸ μὲν δὴ νοήσει μετὰ λόγου περιληπτόν embraced by thought with reflection, opp. μετ᾽ αἰσθήσεως ἀλόγου, Id.Ti.28a; τὸ μὲν ἀεὶ μετ᾽ ἀληοῦς λ., opp. τὸ δὲ ἄλογον, ib. 51e, cf. 70d, al.; λ. ἔχων ἑπόμενον τῷ νοεῖν Id.Phlb.62a; ἐπιστήμη ἐνοῦσα καὶ ὀρθὸς λ. scientific knowledge and right process of thought, Id.Phd.73a; πᾶς λ. καὶ πᾶσα ἐπιστήμη τῶν καθόλου Arist.Metaph.1059b26; τὸ λόγον ἔχον Id.EN1102b15, 1138b9, al.: in sg. and pl., contrasted by Pl. and Arist. as theory, abstract reasoning with outward experience, sts. with depreciatory emphasis on the former, εἰς τοὺς λ. καταφυγόντα Pl.Phd.99e; τὸν ἐν λόγοις σκοπούμενον τὰ ὄντα, opp. τὸν ἐν ἔργοις (realities), ib. 100a; τῇ αἰσθήσει μᾶλλον τῶν λ. πιστευτέον Arist.GA760b31; γνωριμώτερα κατὰ τὸν λ., opp. κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν, Id.Ph.189a4; ἐκ τῶν λ. δῆλον, opp. ἐκ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς, Id.Mete.378b20; ἡ τῶν λ. πίστις, opp. ἐκ τῶν ἔργων φανερόν, Id.Pol.1326a29; ἡ πίστις οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ λ. Id.Ph.262a19; μαρτυρεῖ τὰ γιγνόμενα τοῖς λ. Id.Pol.1334a6; ὁ μὲν λ. τοῦ καθόλου, ἡ δὲ αἴσθησις τοῦ κατὰ μέρος explanation, opp. perception, Id.Ph.189a7; ἔσονται τοῖς λ. αἱ πράξεις ἀκόλουθοι theory, opp. practice, Epicur.Sent.25; in Logic, of discursive reasoning, opp. intuition, Arist.EN1142a26, 1143b1; reasoning in general, ib. 1149a26; πᾶς λ. καὶ πᾶσα ἀπόδειξις all reasoning and demonstration, Id.Metaph.1063b10; λ. καὶ φρόνησιν Phld.Mus.p.105 K.; ὁ λ. ἢ λογισμός ibid.; τὸ ἰδεῖν οὐκέτι λ., ἀλλὰ μεῖζον λόγου καὶ πρὸ λόγου, of mystical vision, opp. reasoning, Plot.6.9.10.—Phrases, κατὰ λ. τὸν εἰκότα by probable reasoning, Pl.Ti.30b; οὔκουν τὸν γ᾽ εἰκότα λ. ἂν ἔχοι Id. Lg.647d; παρὰ λόγον, opp. κατὰ λ., Arist.Rh.Al.1429a29, cf. EN1167b19; cf. παράλογος (but παρὰ λ. unexpectedly, E.Ba.940).

2. reason as a faculty, ὁ λ. ἀνθρώπους κυβερνᾷ [Epich.]256; [θυμοειδὲς] τοῦ λ. κατήκοον Pl.Ti.70a; [θυμὸς] ὑπὸ τοῦ λ. ἀνακληθείς Id.R.440d; σύμμαχον τῷ λ. τὸν θυμόν ib.b; πειθαρχεῖ τῷ λ. τὸ τοῦ ἐγκρατοῦς Arist.EN1102b26; ἄλλο τι παρὰ τὸν λ. πεφυκός, ὃ μάχεται τῷ λ. ib. 17; ἐναντίωσις λόγου πρὸς ἐπιθυμίας Plot.4.7.13(8); οὐ θυμός, οὐκ ἐπιθυμία, οὐδὲ λ. αὐδέ τις νόησις Id.6.9.11: freq. in Stoic. Philos. of human Reason, opp. φαντασία, Zeno Stoic.1.39; opp. φύσις Stoic.2.206; οὐ σοφία οὐδὲ λ. ἐστὶν ἐν [τοῖς ζῴοις] ibid.; τοῖς ἀλόγοις ζῳοις ὡς λ. ἔχων λ. μὴ ἔχουσι χρῶ M.Ant.6.23; ὁ λ. κοινὸν πρὸς τοὺς θεούς Arr.Epict.1.3.3; οἷον [εἰκὼν] λ. ὁ ἐν προφορᾷ λόγου τοῦ ἐν ψυχῇ, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὴ λ. νοῦ Plot.5.1.3; τὸ τὸν λ. σχεῖν τὴν οἰκείαν ἀρετὴν (sc.  εὐδαιμονίαν) Procl.in Ti.3.334 D.; also of the reason which pervades the universe, θεῖος λ. [Epich.] 257; τὸν θεῖον λ. καθ᾽ Ἡράκλειτον δι᾽ ἀναπνοῆς σπάσαντες νοεροὶ γινόμεθα S.E.M.7.129 (cf. infr. x).
b. creative reason, ἀδύνατον ἦν λόγον μὴ αὐκ ἐπὶ πάντα ἐλθεῖν Plot.3.2.14; ἀρχὴ αὖν λ. καὶ πάντα λ. καὶ τὰ γινόμενα κατ᾽ αὐτὸν Id.3.2.15; οἱ λ. πάντες ψυχαί Id.3.2.18

V. continuous statement, narrative (whether fact or fiction), oration, etc. (cf.  λέγω (b) ii. 2),

1. fable, Hdt.1.141; Αἰσώπου λόγοι Pl.Phd.60d, cf. Arist.Rh.1393b8; ὁ τοῦ κυνὸς λ. X.Mem.2.7.13.

2. legend, ἱρὸς λ. Hdt.2.62, cf. 47, Pi.P.3.80 (pl.); συνθέντες λ. E.Ba.297; λ. θεῖος Pl.Phd.85d; ἱεροὶ λ., of Orphic rhapsodies, Suid. s.v. Ὀρφεύς.

3. tale, story, ἄλλον ἔπειμι λ. Xenoph.7.1, cf. Th.1.97, etc.; συνθέτους λ. A.Pr.686; σπουδὴν λόγου urgent tidings, E.Ba.663; ἄλλος λ. ‘another story’, Pl.Ap.34e; ὁμολογούμενος ὁ λ. ἐστίν the story is consistent, Isoc.3.27: pl., histories, ἐν τοῖσι Ἀσσυρίοισι λ. Hdt.1.184, cf. 106, 2.99; so in sg., a historical work, Id.2.123, 6.19, 7.152: also in sg., one section of such a work (like later βίβλος), Id.2.38, 6.39, cf. vi. 3d; so in pl., ἐν τοῖσι Διβυκοῖσι λ. Id.2.161, cf. 1.75, 5.22, 7.93, 213; ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ τῶν λ. Id.5.36; ὁ πρῶτος λ., of St. Luke’s gospel, Act.Ap.1.1: in Pl., opp. μῦθος, as history to legend, Ti.26e; ποιεῖν μύθους ἀλλ᾽ οὐ λόγους Phd.61b, cf. Grg.523a (but μῦθον λέγειν, opp. λόγῳ (argument) διεξελθεῖν Prt.320c, cf. 342d); περὶ λόγων καὶ μύθων Arist.Pol.1336a30; ὁ λ. .. μῦθός ἐστι Ael.NA4.34.

4. speech, delivered in court, assembly, etc., χρήσομαι τῇ τοῦ λ. τάξει ταύτῃ Aeschin.3.57, cf. Arist.Rh.1358a38; δικανικοὶ λ. Id.EN1181a4; τρία γένη τῶν λ. τῶν ῥητορικῶν, συμβουλευτικόν, δικανικόν, ἐπιδεικτικόν Id.Rh.1358b7; τῷ γράψαντι τὸν λ. Thphr.Char.17.8, cf. λογογράφος ii; ἐπιτάφιος λ. funeral oration, Pl.Mx.236b; esp. of the body of a speech, opp. ἐπίλογος, Arist.Rh.1420b3; opp. προοίμιον, ib. 1415a12; body of a law, opp. proem, Pl.Lg.723b; spoken, opp. written word, τὸν τοῦ εἰδότος λ. ζῶντα καὶ ἔμψυχον οὗ ὁ γεγραμμένος εἴδωλόν τι Id.Phdr.276a; ὁ ἐκ τοῦ βιβλίου ῥηθεὶς [λ.] speech read from a roll, ib. 243c; published speech, D.C.40.54; rarely of the speeches in Tragedy (ῥήσεις), Arist.Po.1450b6, 9.

VI. verbal expression or utterance (cf.  λέγω (b) iii), rarely a single word, v. infr. b, never in Gramm. signf. of vocable (ἔπος, λέξις, ὄνομα, ῥῆμα), usu. of a phrase, cf. ix. 3 (the only sense found in Ep.).
a. pl., without Art., talk, τὸν ἔτερπε λόγοις Il.15.393; αἱμύλιοι λ. Od.1.56, h.Merc.317, Hes.Th.890, Op.78, 789, Thgn.704, A.R.3.1141; ψευδεῖς Δ., personified, Hes.Th.229; ἀφροδίσιοι λ. Semon.7.91; ἀγανοῖσι λ. Pi.P.4.101; ὄψον δὲ λ. φθονεροῖσιν tales, Id.N.8.21; σμικροὶ λ. brief words, S.Aj.1268 (s.v.l.), El.415; δόκησις ἀγνὼς λόγων bred of talk, Id.OT681 (lyr.): also in sg., τὰ μὲν ἄν Μοίσαι .. ἐμβαίεν λόγ[ῳ] Ibyc.1(a).24 P. λέγ᾽ εισοι τῷ λ. τις ἡδονή speak if thou delightest in talking, Id.El.89.1.
b. sg., expression, phrase, πρὶν εἰπεῖν ἐσ θλὸν ἢ κακὸν λ. Id.Ant.1245, cf. E.Hipp.514; μυρίας ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ Hdt.2.37; μακρὸς λ. rigmarole, Simon.189, Arist.Metaph.1091a8; λ. ἠρέμα λεχθεὶς διέθηκε τὸ πόρρω a whispered message, Plot.4.9.3; ἑνὶ λόγῳ to sum up, in brief phrase, Pl.Phdr.241e, Phd.65d; concisely, Arist.EN1103b21 (but also, = ἁπλῶς, περὶ πάντων ἐνὶ λ. Id.GC325a1): pl., λ. θελκτήριοι magic words, E.Hipp.478; rarely of single words, λ. εὐσύνθετος οἷον τὸ “χρονοτριβεῖν” Arist.Rh.1406a36; οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῇ λ. answered her not a word, Ev.Matt.15.23.
c. coupled or contrasted with words expressed or understood signifying act, fact, truth, etc., mostly in a depreciatory sense, λ. ἔργου σκιή Democr.145; ὥσπερ μικρὸν παῖδα λόγοις μ᾽ ἀπατᾷς Thgn.254; λόγῳ, opp. ἔργῳ, Democr.82, etc.; νηπίοισι αὐ λ. ἀλλὰ ξυμφορὴ δδάσκαλος Id.76; ἔργῳ κοὐ λόγῳ τεκμαίρομαι A.Pr.338, cf. S.El.59, OC782; λόγῳ μὲν λέγουσι .. ἔργῳ δὲ οὐκ ἀποδεικνῦσι Hdt.4.8; οὐ λόγων, φασίν, ἡ ἀγορὴ δεῖται, χαλκῶν δέ Herod.7.49; οὔτε λ. οὔτε ἔργῳ Lys.9.14; λόγοις, opp. ψήφῳ, Aeschin.2.33; opp. νόῳ, Hdt.2.100; οὐ λόγῳ μαθών E.Heracl.5; ἐκ λόγων, κούφου πράγματος Pl.Lg.935a; λόγοισι εἰς τὸ πιθανὸν περιπεπεμμένα ib. 886e, cf. Luc.Anach.19; ἵνα μὴ λ. οἴησθε εἶναι, ἀλλ᾽ εἰδῆτε τὴν ἀλήθειαν Lycurg.23, cf. D.30.34; opp. πρᾶγμα, Arist.Top.146a4; opp. βία Id.EN1179b29, cf. 1180a5; opp. ὄντα, Pl.Phd.100a; opp. γνῶσις, 2Ep.Cor.11.6; λόγῳ in pretence, Hdt.1.205, Pl.R.361b, 376d, Ti.27a, al.; λόγου ἕνεκα merely as a matter of words, ἄλλως ἕνεκα λ. ἐλέγετο Id.Cri.46d; λόγου χάριν, opp. ὠς ἀληθῶς, Arist.Pol.1280b8; but also, let us say, for instance, Id.EN1144a33, Plb.10.46.4, Phld.Sign.29, M.Ant.4.32; λόγου ἕνεκα let us suppose, Pl.Tht.191c; ἕως λόγου, μέχρι λ., = Lat. verbo tenus, Plb.10.24.7, Epict.Ench.16: sts. without depreciatory force, the antithesis or parallelism being verbal (cf. ‘word and deed’), λόγῳ τε καὶ σθένει S.OC68; ἔν τε ἔργῳ καὶ λ. Pl.R.382e, cf. D.S.13.101, Ev.Luc.24.19, Act.Ap.7.22, Paus.2.16.2; ὅσα μὲν λόγῳ εἶπον, opp. τὰ ἔργα τῶν πραχθέντων, Th.1.22.

2. common talk, report, tradition, ὡς λ. ἐν θνητοῖσιν ἔην Batr.8; λ. ἐκ πατέρων Alc.71; οὐκ ἔστ᾽ ἔτυμος λ. οὗτος Stesich.32; διξὸς λέγεται λ. Hdt.3.32; λ. ὑπ᾽ Αἰγυπτίων λεγόμενος Id.2.47; νέον [λ.] tidings, S.Ant.1289 (lyr.); τὰ μὲν αὐτοὶ ὡρῶμεν, τὰ δὲ λόγοισι ἐπυνθανόμεθα by hearsay, Hdt.2.148: also in pl., ἐν γράμμασιν λόγοι κέμενοι traditions, Pl.Lg.886b.
b. rumour, ἐπὶ παντὶ λ. ἐπτοῆσθαι Heraclit.87; αὐδάεις λ. voice of rumour, B.14.44; περὶ θεῶν διῆλθεν ὁ λ. ὅτι .. Th.6.46; λ. παρεῖχεν ὡς .. Plb.3.89.3; ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λ. οὗτος εἴς τινας ὅτι .. Ev.Jo.21.23 cf. Act.Ap.11.22; fiction, Ev.Matt.28.15.
c. mention, notice, description, οὐκ ὕει λόγου ἅξιον οὐδέν worth mentioning, Hdt.4.28, cf. Plb.1.24.8, etc.; ἔργα λόγου μέζω beyond expression, Hdt.2.35; κρεῖσσον λόγου τὸ εἶδος τῆς νόσου beyond description, Th.2.50; μείζω ἔργα ἢ ὡς τῷ λ. τις ἂν εἴποι D.6.11.
d. the talk one occasions, repute, mostly in good sense, good report, praise, honour (cf. supr. i. 4), πολλὰ φέρειν εἴωθε λ. .. πταίσματα Thgn.1221; λ. ἑαλὸν ἀκοῦσαι Pi.I.5(4).13; πλέονα. .. λ. Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν Id.N.7.21; ἵνα λ. σε ἔχῃ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων ἀγαθός Hdt.7.5, cf. 9.78; Τροίαν .. ἧς ἁπανταχοῦ λ. whose fame, story fills the world, E.IT517; οὐκ ἂν ἦν λ. σέθεν Id.Med.541; less freq. in bad sense, evil report, λ. κακόθρους, κακός, S.Aj.138 (anap.), E.Heracl.165: pl., λόγους ψιθύρους πλάσσων slanders, S.Aj.148 (anap.).
e. λ. ἐστί, ἔχει, κατέχει, the story goes, c. acc. et inf. ἔστ τις λ. τὰν Ἀρετὰν ναίειν Simon.58.1, cf. S.El.417; λ. μὲν ἔστ᾽ ἀρχαῖος ὡς .. Id.Tr.1; λ. alone, E.Heracl.35; ὡς λ. A.Supp.230, Pl.Phlb.65e, etc.; λ. ἐστί Hdt.7.129, 9.26, al.; λ. αἰὲν ἔχει S.OC1573 (lyr.); ὅσον ὁ λ. κατέχει tradition prevails, Th.1.10: also with a personal subject in the reverse construction, Κλεισθένης λ. ἔχει τὴν Πνθίην ἀναπεῖσαι has the credit of .., Hdt.5.66, cf. Pl.Epin.987b, 988b; λ. ἔχοντα σοφίας Ep.Col.2.23, v. supr. i. 4.

3. discussion, debate, deliberation, πολλὸς ἦν ἐν τοῖσι λ. Hdt.8.59; συνελέχθησαν οἱ Μῆδοι ἐς τὠυτὸ καὶ ἐδίδοσαν σφίσι λόγον, λέγοντες περὶ τῶν κατηκόντων Id.1.97; οἱ Πελασγοὶ ἐωυτοῖσι λόγους ἐδίδοσαν Id.6.138; πολέμῳ μᾶλλον ἢ λόγοις τὰ ἐγκλήματα διαλύεσθαι Th.1.140; οἱ περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης λ. Aeschin.2.74; τοῖς ἔξωθεν λ. πεπλήρωκε τὸν λ. [Plato] has filled his dialogue with extraneous discussion, Arist.Pol.1264b39; τὸ μῆκος τῶν λ. D.Chr.7.131; μεταβαίνων ὁ λ. εἰς ταὐτὸν ἀφῖκται our debate, Arist.EN1097a24; ὁ παρὼν λ. ib. 1104a11; θεῶν ὧν νῦν ὁ λ. ἐστί discussion, Pl.Ap.26b, cf. Tht.184a, M.Ant.8.32; τῷ λ. διελθεῖν, διϊέναι, Pl.Prt.329c Grg.506a, etc.; τὸν λ. διεξελθεῖν conduct the debate, Id.Lg.893a; ξυνελθεῖν ἐς λόγον confer, Ar.Eq.1300: freq. in pl., ἐς λόγους συνελθόντες parley, Hdt.1.82; ἐς λ. ἐλθεῖν τίι have speech with, ib. 86; ἐς λ. ἀπικέσθαι τινί Id.2.32; διὰ λόγων ἰέναι E.Tr.916; ἐμαυτῇ διὰ λ. ἀφικόμην Id.Med.872; ἐς λ. ἄγειν τινά X.HG4.1.2; κοινωνεῖν λόγων καὶ διανοίας Arist.EN1170b12, παρεῖναι ἐν λ., i.e. where there is speaking, οἳ π. ἐν λ. who hear my words, E.Rh.149 (v.l.), Ar.Ach.513; in direct address to the audience, ὦνδρες οἱ παρόντες ἐν λ. Id.Av.30; ἀπὸ λόγου app. orally, PMich. viii 492.5, 19 (ii a.d.).
b. right of discussion or speech, ἢ ᾽πὶ τῷ πλήθει λ.; S.OC66; λ. αἰτήσασθαι ask leave to speak, Th.3.53; λ. διδόναι X.HG5.2.20; οὐ προυτέθη σφίσιν λ. κατὰ τὸν νόμον ib. 1.7.5; λόγον τυχεῖν D.18.13, cf. Arist.EN1095b21, Plb.18.52.1; οἱ λόγον τοὺς δούλους ἀποστεροῦντες Arist.Pol.1260b5; δοῦλος πέφυκας, οὐ μέτεστί σοι λόγου Trag.Adesp.304; διδόντας λ. καὶ δεχομένους ἐν τῷ μέρει Luc.Pisc.8: hence, time allowed for a speech, ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ λ. And.1.26, al.; ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ λ. Pl.Ap.34a; οὐκ ἐλάττω λ. ἀνήλωκε D.18.9.
c. dialogue, as a form of philosophical debate, ἵνα μὴ μαχώμεθα ἐν τοῖς λ. ἐγώ τε καὶ σύ Pl.Cra.430d; πρὸς ἀλλήλους τοὺς λ. ποιεῖσθαι Id.Prt.348a: hence, dialogue as a form of literature, οἱ Σωκρατικοὶ λ. Arist.Po.1447b11, Rh.1417a20; cf. διάλογος.
d. section, division of a dialogue or treatise (cf. v. 3), ὁ πρῶτος λ. Pl.Prm.127d; ὁ πρόσθεν, ὁ παρελθὼν λ., Id.Phlb.18e, 19b; ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις λ. Arist.PA682a3; ἐν τοῖς περὶ κινήσεως λ. in the discussion of motion (i.e. Ph.bk.8), Id.GC318a4; ἐν τῷ περὶ ἐπαίνου λ. Phld.Rh.1.219; branch, department, division of a system of philosophy, τὴν φρόνησιν ἐκ τριῶν συνεστηκέναι λ., τῶν φυσικῶν καὶ τῶν ἠθικῶν καὶ τῶν λογικῶν Chrysipp.Stoic.2.258.
e. in pl., literature, letters, Pl.Ax.365b, Epin.975d, D.H.Comp.1, 21 (but, also in pl., treatises, Plu.2.16c); οἱ ἐπὶ λόγοις εὐδοκιμώτατοι Hdn.6.14; Λόγοι, personified, AP9.171 (Pall.), also rhetoric, as discipline, GVI1081.3.

VII. a particular utterance, saying:

1. divine utterance, oracle, Pi.P.4.59; λ. μαντικοί Pl.Phdr.275b; οὐ γὰρ ἐμὸν ἐρῶ τὸν λ. Pl.Ap.20e; ὁ λ. τοῦ θεοῦ Apoc.1.2, 9.

2. proverb, maxim, saying, Pi.N.9.6, A.Th.218; ὧδ᾽ ἔχει λ. ib. 225; τόνδ᾽ ἐκαίνισεν λ. ὡς .. Critias21, cf. Pl.R.330a, Ev.Jo.4.37; ὁ παλαιὸς λ. Pl.Phdr.240c, cf. Smp.195b, Grg.449c, Lg.757a, 1Ep.Ti.1.15, Plu.2.1082e, Luc.Alex.9, etc.; ἵνα τὸ τοῦ λόγου πάθω Men.Dysc.633 S. τὸ τοῦ λόγον δὴ τοῦτο Herod.2.45, cf. D.Chr.66.24, Luc.JTr.3, Alciphr.3.56, etc.: pl., Arist.EN1147a21.

3. assertion, opp. oath, S.OC651; ψιλῷ λ. bare word, opp. μαρτυρία, D.27.54.

4. express resolution, κοινῷ λ. by common consent, Hdt.1.141, al.; ἐπὶ λ. τοιῷδε, ἐπ᾽ ᾧ τε .. on the following terms, Id.7.158, cf. 9.26; ἐνδέξασθαι τὸν λ. Id.1.60, cf. 9.5; λ. ἔχοντες πλεονέκτην a greedy proposal, Id.7.158: freq. in pl., terms, conditions, Id.9.33, etc.

5. word of command, behest, A.Pr.17, 40 (both pl.), Pers.363; ἐνθρώπους πιθανωτέρους ποιεῖν λόγῳ X.Oec.13.9; ἐξέβαλε τὰ πνεύματα λόγῳ Ev.Matt.8.16; οἱ δέκα λ. the ten Commandments, LxxEx.34.28, Ph.1.496.

6. declaration of legal immunity, τοὺς καλουμένους λόγους Just.Nov.17.6; cf. οἷς ἄν ἐθέλοιεν λόγον ἀσυλίας παρέχοντας id.Edict.2 pr.

7. ὁ διὰ λόγων, expression used to add a person’s official name, according to official documents called .., BGU2263.7 (ii a.d.).

VIII. thing spoken of, subject-matter (cf. iii. 1b and 2), λ. τοῦτον ἐάσομεν Thgn.1055; προπεπυσμένος πάντα λ. the whole matter, Hdt.1.21, cf. iii; τὸν ἐόντα λ. the truth of the matter, ib. 95, 116; μετασχεῖν τοῦ λ. to be in the secret, ib. 127; μηδενὶ ἄλλῳ τὸν λ. τοῦτον εἴπῃς Id.8.65; τίς ἦν λ.; S.OT684 (= πρᾶγμα, 699); περί τινος λ. διελεγόμεθα subject, question, Pl.Prt.314c; [τὸ προοίμιον] δεῖγμα τοῦ λ. case, Arist.Rh.1415a12, cf. iii. 1b; τέλος δὲ παντὸς τοῦ λ. ψηφίζονται the end of the matter was that .., Aeschin.3.124; οὐκ ἔστεξε τὸν λ. Plb.8.12.5; οὐκ ἔστι σοι μερὶς οὐδὲ κλῆρος ἐν τῷ λ. τούτῳ Act.Ap.8.21; ἱκανὸς αὐτῷ ὁ λ. Pl.Grg.512c; οὐχ ὑπολείπει [Γοργίαν] ὁ λ. matter for talk, Arist.Rh.1418a35; μηδένα λ. ὑπολιπεῖν Isoc.4.146; πρὸς λόγον to the point, apposite, οὐδὲν πρὸς λ. Pl.Phlb.42e, cf. Prt.344a; ἐὰν πρὸς λ. τι ᾖ Id.Phlb.33c; also πρὸς λόγου Id.Grg.459c (s.v.l.).

2. plot of a narrative or dramatic poem, = μῦθος, Arist.Po.1455b17, al.
b. in Art, subject of a painting, ζωγραφίας λόγοι Philostr.VA6.10; λ. τῆς γραφῆς Id.Im.1.25.

3. thing talked of, event, μετὰ τοὺς λ. τούτους Lxx1Ma.7.33, cf. Act.Ap.15.6.

IX. expression, utterance, speech regarded formally, τὸ ἀπὸ [ψυχῆς] ῥεῦμα διὰ τοῦ στόματος ἰὸν μετὰ φθόγγου λ., opp. διάνοια, Pl.Sph.263e; intelligent utterance, opp. φωνή, Arist.Pol.1253a14; λ. ἐστὶ φωνὴ σημαντικὴ κατὰ συνθήκην Id.Int.16b26, cf. Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213; ὃθεν (from the heart) ὁ λ. ἀναπέμπεται Stoic.2.228, cf. 244; Protagoras was nicknamed λόγος, Hsch.ap.Sch.Pl.R.600c, Suid.; λόγου πειθοῖ Democr.181: in pl., eloquence, Isoc.3.3, 9.11; τὴν ἐν λόγοις εὐρυθμίαν Epicur.Sent.Pal.5p.69 v. d. M.; λ. ἀκριβής precise language, Ar.Nu.130 (pl.), cf. Arist.Rh.1418b1; τοῦ μὴ ᾀδομένου λ. Pl.R.398d; ἡδυσμένος λ., of rhythmical language set to music, Arist.Po.1449b25; ἐν παντὶ λ. in all manner of utterance, 1Ep.Cor.1.5; ἐν λόγοις in orations, Arist.Po.1459a13; λ. γελοῖοι, ἀσχήμονες, ludicrous, improper speech, Id.SE182b15, Pol.1336b14.

2. of various modes of expression, esp. artistic and literary, ἔν τε ῷδαῖς καὶ μύθοις καὶ λόγοις Pl.Lg.664a; ἐν λόγῳ καὶ ἐν ῷδαῖς X.Cyr.1.4.25, cf. Pl.Lg.835b; prose, opp. ποίησις, Id.R.390a; opp. ψιλομετρία, Arist.Po.1448a11; opp. ἔμμετρα, ib. 1450b15 (pl.); τῷ λ. τοῦτο τῶν μέτρων (sc. τὸ ἰαμβεῖον) ὁμοιότατον εἶναι Id.Rh.1404a31; in full, ψιλοὶ λ. prose, ib. b33 (but ψιλοὶ λ., = arguments without diagrams, Pl.Tht.165a); λ. πεζοί, opp. ποιητική, D.H.Comp.6; opp. ποιήματα, ib. 15; καινὰ καὶ ποιημάτων καὶ λόγων Phld.Po.5.7; πεζὸς λ. ib. 27, al.
b. of the constituents of lyric or dramatic poetry, words, τὸ μέλος ἐκ τριῶν .. λόγον τε καὶ ἀρμονίας καὶ ῥυθμοῦ Pl.R.398d; opp. πρᾶξις, Arist.Po.1454a18; dramatic dialogue, opp. τὰ τοῦ χοροῦ, ib. 1449a17.

3. Gramm., phrase, complex term, opp. ὄνομα, Id.SE165a13; λ. ὀνοματώδης noun-phrase, Id.APo.93b30, cf. Rh.1407b27; expression, D.H.Th.2, Demetr.Eloc.92.
b. sentence, complete statement, “ἄνθρωπος μανθάνει” λόγον εἶναί φῃς .. ἐλάχιστόν τε καὶ πρῶτον Pl.Sph.262c; λ. αὐτοτελής A.D.Synt.3.6, D.T.634.1; ῥηθῆναι λόγῳ to be expressed in a sentence, Pl.Tht.202b; λ. ἔχειν to be capable of being so expressed, ib. 201e, cf. Arist.Rh.1404b26.
c. language, τὰ τοῦ λ. μέρη parts of speech, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.31, S.E.M.9.350, etc.; τὰ μόρια τοῦ λ. D.H.Comp.6; μέρος λ. D.T.633.26, A.D.Pron.4.6, al. (but ἓν μέρος ‹τοῦ cod.› λόγου one word, Id.Synt.340.10, cf. 334.22); περὶ τῶν στοιχείων τοῦ λ., title of work by Chrysippus.

X. the Word or Wisdom of God, personified as his agent in creation and world-government, ὁ παντοδύναμός σου λ. LxxWi.18.15; ὁ ἐκ νοὸς φωτεινὸς λ. υἱὸς θεοῦ Corp.Herm.1.6, cf. Plu.2.376c; λ. θεοῦ δι᾽ οὗ κατεσκευάσθη [ὁ κόσμος] Ph.1.162; τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ σοφίας· ἡ δέ ἑστιν ὁ θεοῦ λ. ib. 56; λ. θεῖος .. εἰκὼν θεοῦ ib. 561, cf. 501; τὸν τομέα τῶν συμπάντων [θεοῦ] λ. ib. 492; τὸν ἄγγελον ὅς ἐστι λ. ib. 122: in NT identified with the person of Christ, ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λ. Ev.Jo.1.1, cf. 14, 1Ep.Jo.2.7, Apoc.19.13; ὁ λ. τῆς ζωῆς 1Ep.Jo.1.1.

- Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; Jones, Henry Stuart; McKenzie, Roderick: A Greek-English Lexicon. Rev. and augm. throughout. Oxford; New York: Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press, 1996, S. 1057.

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